Araling Panlipunan Essay

The Human Poverty Index (HPI) was an indication of the standard of living in a country, developed by the United Nations (UN) to equilibrise the Human Development Index (HDI) and was first reported as part of the Human Development Report in 1997. It was considered to better reflect the extent of lack in developed countries compared to the HDI.1 In 2010 it was supplanted by the UNs Multidimensional Poverty Index. The HPI concentrates on the deprivation in the three essential elements of human life already reflected in the HDI longevity, knowledge and a decent standard of living. The HPI is derived separately for developing countries (HPI-1) and a group of select high-income OECD countries (HPI-2) to better reflect socio-economic differences and also the widely divergent measures of deprivation in the two groupsThe Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) is the United Nations Development Programmes attempt to measure the extent of gender diversity across the globes countries, based on esti mates of womens relative economic income, participations in high-paying positions with economic power, and access to professional and parliamentary positions. In 1995 in the Human Development Report commissioned by the United Nations Development Program set-out to create two new measurement indices for measuring development. Their aim was to total to the Human Development Index by way of including a gender dimension in the measure.They were created in order to rival the traditional income-foc substance abused measures of development such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Gross National Product (GNP). Haq, the first director of the Human Development Report Office, established several principles for the fresh emerging measure including provisions that it had to be simple, had to be represented as a single number, had to be easily calculated, had to yield numbers that were internationally comparable, had to use numbers available on a yearly basis and had to use numbers tha t were easily interpretable. The resulting measures that were created were the Gender-related Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM). The GEM, the more than specialized of the two, is focused on indicating the relative empowerment of women in a given country.